They were charged with defending the Church against all enemies of the Cross. Pope Innocent II (1130-43) in the bull, ‘Omne Datum Optimum’, brought the Templars under papal authority, providing them with privileges and exemptions that made the Templars an autonomous corporate body and allowed them to secure an economic base for financing their military activities. Robert of Craon (Burgundy) became the second Grand Master.įirst firm date for armed activity by the Order of St. Lazarus was founded in Jerusalem with links to the Templars. The Order of the Temple rapidly spread throughout Europe and the British Isles.Īround this date Bernard wrote ‘De Laude Novae Militae’, in which he described the Templars as “a new type of Order in the Holy Places”: a mix of knightly and monastic life. Hugues de Payens was chosen as the first Grand Master, toured Europe, and visited Scotland and England establishing Preceptories. Pope Honorius II (1124-30) approved the recognition. The white mantle of the Cistercians was adopted, to be worn by the professed knights as symbolic of loyalty and purity of life. Known as ‘The Latin Rule’, it contained 76 articles. The Hospitallers had now become the second military Order.Īt the Council of Troyes the Order of the Temple was recognised and a Rule was approved, written under the guidance of Bernard and based on the Benedictine model. Mention of a Constable of the Order of St. With a delegation of knights and Baldwin II, Hughes de Payens travelled to France, seeking aid from the Cistercian Abbot, Bernard of Clairvaux, in obtaining papal recognition and in developing a “rule of life.” The King charged them with maintaining, “as far as they could, the roads and highways against the ambush of thieves and attackers, especially in regard to the safety of pilgrims.” They became known as The Poor Knights of Christ and the Temple of Jerusalem. Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem, provided them with quarters in part of his palace, (al-Aqsa Mosque) thought to be the remains of Solomon’s Temple. Taking monastic vows, nine knights placed themselves under the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Warmund of Picquigny. Hughes de Payens (Champagne) and Godfrey of Saint-Omer (Picardy) formed a religious community to protect pilgrims. Pope Pascal II recognised the Hospitallers. John of Jerusalem was founded to care for the sick. In July Jerusalem was conquered by the Crusaders, among them Huges de Payns. Pope Urban II called the First Crusade at Clermont in France. Suspension and Death by Fire (1307-1314).
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